![]() ![]() The radar rotates 360 deg to capture one sweep. Reflectivity shows where precipitation is, while velocity information helps us identify rotation and strong winds within a storm, allows us to determine wind speed and direction behind a cold front and allows us to determine which direction and how fast an object in the atmosphere is moving. The signal produced by the object is then sent to the signal processor, where it is turned into usable data, called base data, which we see as reflectivity and velocity. This process is illustrated in the animation. When these pulses of energy encounter an object in the atmosphere, such as a raindrop, hailstone or snowflake, part of the energy pulse bounces off of the object and returns to the receiver. In essence the WSR works by shooting out pulses of electromagnetic energy at specific elevation angles above the ground. In addition to weather stations the weather surveillance radar (WSR) is one of the most important tools the meteorologists use to provide a detailed forecast. The Billings Doppler radar, labeled KBLX, is in the middle of the black circular region towards the left of the radar image, while the circulation is in the white circle. In this example, you can see a snapshot of Doppler radar data showing circulation at the time of the June 20th, 2010 Billings tornado. The warnings would be less accurate, putting more people and property at risk during hazardous weather. So, why is the Doppler radar important? Without it, meteorologists would not be able to see what is going on inside a thunderstorm very well, nor would we be able to forecast the movement of a thunderstorm very precisely. Bright reflectivity returns that are stationary and appear during both calm and inclement weather are usually land-based obstructions such as mountains, trees, or especially wind farms (nothing gets electromagnetic signals confused like spinning metal blades!).Today we will discuss a few weather radar basics and weather radar websites.This is helpful for picking out snow/mix/rain transition zones In all snow situations, dBZ values of 40 indicate 3-4”/hr snowfall rates and whiteout conditions. Anything larger than this is usually due to “bright banding” where the radar is seeing the part of the atmosphere where snowflakes are clumping together and melting into raindrops. In cold climates during the winter months, actual dBZ values rarely exceed 40.This is your standard radar data that shows precip or other solid/liquid particles in the atmosphere. The first type of data currently available is reflectivity. We currently have two types of radar data available with plans to add more soon. Use radar data with caution especially if your area of interest is far from the nearest radar location! A lot can happen between 0 and 5,000 feet and therefore the depiction of precipitation given by radar may differ some from what’s actually happening on the ground. Because of this phenomenon, the radar beam will only see precipitation falling through the mid levels of the atmosphere. To see this in action, imagine a circle (earth) with a straight line emanating from some point on the circle if you continue this line out into space, it will gradually get farther and farther from the circle. Because the earth is round and the radar beam is flat, the farther away from the radar tower the beam (energy) travels, the farther removed from the ground becomes. There is a notable constraint to radar data though. This is the highest resolution radar data available which enables you to see features such as sea breeze or outflow boundaries that standard resolution radar entirely misses. ![]() This data is gathered from over a hundred radar towers located across the US. Lake Murray, Ardmore OK (WeatherOK, USA).Lightning CG worldwide (since 2004) Plus.Base reflectivity (with archive since 1991).Radar & Lightning Radar & Lightning Radar.Forecast Ensemble Heatmaps (Up to 7 models, multiple runs, graph up to 46 days) Plus.Forecast Ensemble (Up to 7 models, multiple runs, graph up to 46 days).Forecast XL (Graph and table up to 10 days - choose your model).14 day forecast (ECMWF-IFS/EPS, graphs with ranges).Meteograms (Graph 3-5 days - choose your model).Weather overview (Next hours and days, 14 day forecast).Central Europe Super HD (MOS) (3 days) new.Tropical cyclone tracks (ECMWF/Ensemble). ![]()
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